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Why people are not as gullible as we thinkNot Born Yesterday explains how we decide who we can trust and what we should believe—and argues that we're pretty good at making these decisions. In this lively and provocative book, Hugo Mercier demonstrates how virtually all attempts at mass persuasion—whether by religious leaders, politicians, or advertisers—fail miserably. Drawing on recent findings from political science and other fields ranging from history to anthropology, Mercier shows that the narrative of widespread gullibility, in which a credulous public is easily misled by demagogues and charlatans, is simply wrong.Why is mass persuasion so difficult? Mercier uses the latest findings from experimental psychology to show how each of us is endowed with sophisticated cognitive mechanisms of open vigilance. Computing a variety of cues, these mechanisms enable us to be on guard against harmful beliefs, while being open enough to change our minds when presented with the right evidence. Even failures—when we accept false confessions, spread wild rumors, or fall for quack medicine—are better explained as bugs in otherwise well-functioning cognitive mechanisms than as symptoms of general gullibility.Not Born Yesterday shows how we filter the flow of information that surrounds us, argues that we do it well, and explains how we can do it better still.

Persuasion (Psychology) --- Influence (Psychology) --- Trust. --- Belief and doubt. --- Decision making. --- Deciding --- Decision (Psychology) --- Decision analysis --- Decision processes --- Making decisions --- Management --- Management decisions --- Choice (Psychology) --- Problem solving --- Conviction --- Doubt --- Consciousness --- Credulity --- Emotions --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy --- Psychology --- Religion --- Will --- Agnosticism --- Rationalism --- Skepticism --- Trust (Psychology) --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Conformity --- Example --- Communication --- Psychology, Applied --- Propaganda --- Social aspects. --- Decision making

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Le monde fait face à une épidémie de mauvais sommeil. Hugo Mercier, à tout juste 22 ans, s'est attaqué de front à ce problème. Partant d'un concept de laboratoire, il imagine dans sa chambre d'étudiant le premier outil neurotechnologique pour combattre ce fléau. De levées de fonds en doutes profonds, de la start-up à une entreprise de plus de quatre-vingts salariés, nous suivons sa quête entrepreneuriale, technologique et scientifique.

Epidemics --- Sleep Wake Disorders

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Reason, we are told, is what makes us human, the source of our knowledge and wisdom. If reason is so useful, why didn’t it also evolve in other animals? If reason is that reliable, why do we produce so much thoroughly reasoned nonsense? In their groundbreaking account of the evolution and workings of reason, Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber set out to solve this double enigma. Reason, they argue with a compelling mix of real-life and experimental evidence, is not geared to solitary use, to arriving at better beliefs and decisions on our own. What reason does, rather, is help us justify our beliefs and actions to others, convince them through argumentation, and evaluate the justifications and arguments that others address to us. In other words, reason helps humans better exploit their uniquely rich social environment. This interactionist interpretation explains why reason may have evolved and how it fits with other cognitive mechanisms. It makes sense of strengths and weaknesses that have long puzzled philosophers and psychologists—why reason is biased in favor of what we already believe, why it may lead to terrible ideas and yet is indispensable to spreading good ones. Ambitious, provocative, and entertaining, The Enigma of Reason will spark debate among psychologists and philosophers, and make many reasonable people rethink their own thinking.

Reason. --- Reason --- Social aspects. --- Argumentative theory of reasoning. --- Counterargument. --- Psychology of reasoning. --- Rationalization. --- Reasoning. --- Syllogisms. --- argumentation. --- bias. --- evolution of cooperation. --- evolutionary psychology. --- inference. --- intuition. --- logic and argumentation.

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La 4ème de couverture indique : "La raison, dit-on, est ce qui rend les humains supérieurs aux autres animaux. Si elle est un tel atout, pourquoi n’a-t-elle évolué que dans notre espèce ? Pourquoi nos opinions et nos actions sont-elles si souvent irrationnelles ? Hugo Mercier et Dan Sperber s’attaquent à ces énigmes. S’appuyant sur des exemples historiques, des anecdotes du quotidien et les derniers résultats de la psychologie expérimentale, ils critiquent l’idée selon laquelle la fonction de la raison serait de permettre à chacun de parvenir à une meilleure connaissance du monde et à des décisions plus justes. Pour eux, la raison est avant tout à usage social : elle nous aide à nous justifier aux yeux d’autrui, à argumenter pour convaincre et à évaluer les arguments des autres. Elle facilite la communication, les actions collectives et la vie sociale. Elle peut aussi polariser les antagonismes. En bref, la raison a pour fonction première de permettre aux humains de tirer le meilleur parti de leurs interactions, riches et complexes. Cette conception explique comment la raison a pu évoluer, et ce qu’on peut—ou non—en attendre."

Raison. --- Rationalité. --- Rationalité. --- Philosophie et neurosciences. --- Reason --- Social aspects